Medical Advices for Students

Utility

As in gastroscopy, colonoscopy to confirm the existence of gastrointestinal disease or exclude and secondly allows the realization of therapeutic acts, the so-called therapeutic endoscopy, which has been very useful.

It is now possible removal of polyps and dilation of strictures after surgery or because of inflammation in the colon. Recently, given the high incidence of colon cancer is used as an exploration to study people at high risk of developing colon cancer or colon polyps.
Directions

- Issue of blood from the anus, although they have hemorrhoids.
- Suspected inflammatory bowel disease: ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Clinical symptoms are abdominal pain, diarrhea mixed with blood and fever.
- Constipation of recent onset.
- Undiagnosed chronic diarrhea.
- Control patients operated on for colorectal cancer, a yearly or every two years.
- Patients who have alterations in the radiologic study such as strictures, polyps or tumors that require obtaining biopsies.
- Control patients with a history of adenomatous polyps or villous colon polyps. Checks were carried out according to the size, number and type of polyp biopsy. In general should be done every 2-3 years.
- Study of the relatives of patients with colorectal cancer:
- High risk. Exploration is mandatory if:
- Familial colonic polyposis: It will be decided annually until surgery. It is now possible through a blood test to know the risk of developing the tumor.
- Nonpolyposis colorectal cancer family: the exploration will be initiated 10 years before the age at which the tumor appeared in the family. Be monitored every two years.
- Presence of two or more relatives with colorectal cancer: There will be checked every 3-5 years from age 40.
- Medium risk. Endoscopy is necessary if:
- Presence of a family member with colorectal cancer diagnosed before age 50. Checks will be conducted every 5 years being the first study 10 years before diagnosis of cancer in the family.
- Low risk. It may be advisable endoscopy if:
- Presence of a first degree relative (parent) with colorectal cancer diagnosed after age 50. Colonoscopy every 5 years from 40-50 years.

Therapeutic Endoscopy

Polypectomy is the removal by a court of colonic polyps with a special bond. It is done with electric current that produces heat. Is needed before it is performed an analysis of blood clotting.

Dilation of stenosis: A rare indication. Used in strictures that remain after surgery. A colonoscopy allows the introduction of balls that once placed in the stenosis are inflated with air or water and can expand stenosis.

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